Approximately half of the respondents (53%) did not add fertilizer or carry out any other silvicultural practices on tamarinds. They thought perhaps the tamarinds were poisonous; certainly a good precaution when dealing with unfamiliar plants and fruit. EEO designed the study, collected data and coordinated the write up. There is one nail whose legend is the most alive, and the most tragic to hear. Ethnomedicinal uses for humans and ethnoveterinary uses had the lowest percent citations (13 and 15% respectively) probably because such knowledge is possessed by only a few people mostly elders, herbalists and traditional healers. You could hear them running. In this way the memory of their dead relatives is honoured and preserved as the graves are never far away from the living. Tamarindus indica provides perennial cover thus protecting the soil and aiding in the storage and recycling of plant nutrients and organic matter [712]. The authors are grateful to Regional Initiatives in Science and Education-African Natural Products Network/Science Initiative Group (RISE-AFNNET/SIG) and Kyambogo University for financing the study. All authors read and approved the manuscript. Website. Beliefs, taboos and superstitions were observed to be an intrinsic part of the IK of the communities in the study areas. A Tropical Fruit with Health Benefits, tamarind - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). Hurry up! As he got closer to the tree, Manus shadow grew smaller and the tree climbed higher into the sky. Efforts aimed at food security need to be aligned with environmental conservation to reinforce each other for effectiveness and maximum benefit to local communities. The constraints reported with regard to planting T. indica need to be addressed so as to boost planting. 2023 BioMed Central Ltd unless otherwise stated. Expanded edition 20052006. Ill do it! he said in spite of the fear that was consuming him. Hell be killed. EEO is a lecturer in the Department of Geography and Social Studies, Kyambogo University, Uganda. Thorny trees including Babul can create disputes at home. The population possessed a high level of IK about T. indica evidenced by 18 categories of uses and multiple modes of use. Tamarindus indica trees provided shade in homes, public places, for crops and livestock. World Forest Series vol 12. Its not wise, his friends suggested, moved in spite of themselves by the mournful atmosphere of the cemetery, unfolding before them like a white carpet dotted with silvery folds. He didnt dare stop to rest. 1996;13:522525. Youth in rural areas were more interested in earning an income from tamarind products. India and Thailand produce the most tamarind, and it holds a prominent place in their cooking. From a certain angle, you can see it clearly, even from far away. The communities food and medicinal uses concurred with scientific reports of health benefits of consuming T. indica. Rediscovering agriculture for human development. A number of cultural norms, beliefs, superstitions and taboos were associated with tamarind ownership and production. But very few of us know about the plants that should NOT be kept in a house, because vedic sciences and even Feng Shui consider them to bring negative energy. Whys this cold wind hitting my face? See a problem? Table3 is a summary of frequency citation of T. indica uses. Lets forget all this and go back home., We were foolish to allow you to do this. You might have said that it waswaiting. They froze together. Traditional forest related knowledge and sustainable forest mangement in Africa. Details of the various uses and mode of use of T. indica are summarized in Table2. Wait wasn't terrible but could be. Trosper RL, Parrotta JA. Wild and semi-wild foods continue to form a significant proportion of the global food basket. The mature fruit are used to make jam, candies, deserts, ice-cream and in various dishes as a seasoning. Shadows moved around the tombs. You can only plant for your children and grandchildren. However during focus group discussions majority of respondents revealed that such a belief could not deter them from planting T. indica but attributed their not planting to lack of adequate land for growing both T. indica and other crops. He went completely still. CAS Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine [28] argue that when people appreciate the value of biodiversity, they will be more likely to think about conservation in their day-to-day activities such as how to use land and other natural resources. Marshall M. Sampling for qualitative research. Eighty seven percent of T. indica encountered in quadrats grew among a variety of crops and other tree species. The leaves, beans, bark, and wood of the tamarind tree have a wide variety of uses. All his blood froze. Tamarind fruit beverage had the highest percent citation (100%) indicating it was consumed by all respondents. Nyadoi P. Tamarindus indica L. Genetic structure and niche ecology PhD Thesis, Makerere University. Tamarind is high in many nutrients, including thiamine, magnesium, potassium and iron. Accessed from: www.worldagroforestry.org/downloads/publications/PDFS/b09383.pdf. Dont turn around. Why didnt I listen to my friends? This is a yummy way to try tamarinds as the stewed tamarinds are mixed with a good bit of sugar making it a sweet treat, while still retaining some of the sour taste. Further investigation is needed to elucidate the relationship between T. indica and surrounding plants. A few more steps. Start planning today! Table4 outlines the gender roles, beliefs and taboos associated with T. indica ownership, production and trade. Insert the root ball in the hole and fill the soil around root ball to maintain the tree trunk above the soil line. J Food Eng. This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/plant/tamarind, National Center for Biotechnology Information - PubMed Central - Tamarindus indica: Extent of explored potential, University of Florida - Environmental Horticulture - Tamarindus indica, Healthline - What Is Tamarind? The majority of T. indica encountered (87%) was intercropped with other crops or trees. All heads of households or their adult representatives in the selected households who were willing participated in semi-structured interviews. If he could plant that nail and come back unscathed! Ebifa-Othieno, E., Mugisha, A., Nyeko, P. et al. Fruits for the Future 1 Revised. Why should I bother them, in their home, at midnight? The study was part of her PhD work. Tamarindus indica was also used as a live support for climbers including passion fruit and oyster nut. Inside the pulp should be a light smooth brownish color. The tree's wood can be used for woodworking and tamarind seed oil can be extracted from the seeds. The tamarind tree produces a natural air conditioning. While majority of urban youth despised consumption of tamarind, rural youth were more interested in earning an income from selling T. indica products. Virgin Islands Critters Snakes & Spiders. African fruits hold great potential to combat poverty. 2002 Uganda Population and Housing Census Annex 3. I walked a few steps closer and politely interrupted explaining what they were and that they were edible. A violent emotion gripped him. The largest section of Virgin Islands Books & Souvenirs. 1997. But what was he to do in the meantime? Article He forced himself to look forward. A few strands of fiber extend from the stalk around the pulp covered seeds. Tamarind trees have stout trunks and spreading canopies . , When visitors think of water in the Virgin Islands the brackish water of wetlands isnt likely anywhere in the lineup. The yellow flowers are borne in small clusters. However school age children in both rural and urban areas appreciated tamarind fruit. The dare of an idle young boy. A nail is driven into the tree where the branch was cut, keeping the soul of the suicide in place and preventing them from making mischief. According to De Caluw et al. She is a PhD student at Makerere University. Let him come back safe and sound! Should I start again? Tamarindus indica L. (Fabaceae): patterns of use in traditional African medicine. Tamarind fruit was eaten as snack by almost all the respondents (98.33% citation). According to popular belief, both are home to spirits and ghosts. A thin ribbon of blood in the corner of his mouth, and, driven into his shirt, the nail. Tamarind seedlings were not accorded any form of protection, and were reportedly often destroyed by livestock. Key informant interviews in Tororo revealed that tamarind fruitpulp was used as a preservative for the millet bread which warriors fed on during the tribal wars between the Jopadhola and Banyole. You could hear them breathing. Admitting youre afraid? This is in agreement with Bourou et al. The tree however can live another 150+ years. Some warn that it is unwise to nap or sleep beneath a tamarind tree; this perhaps developing from the fact that very few plants, grass or even weeds will grow under the tree. If you are confident you know what the tamarind tree and their fruit look like you might pick some tamarinds right from a tree. Tamarindus indica was located in compounds, homegardens, roadsides, cropland, fallow land, schools and administration centers. Shapi M, Cheikhyoussef A, Mumbengegwi DR, Matengu K, Van Kent A, Sifani J. Evolution of data collection methods for indigenous knowledge systems at the Multidisciplinary Research Centre of the University of Namibia. He really couldnt fall down now! Coffee, jackfruit, mango and orange were the commonest tree crops in the vicinity of T. indica. Article PN is a Professor in the Department of Forestry, Biodiversity and Tourism, School of Forestry, Environmental and Geographical Sciences, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Makerere University. Noss RF, Dobson AP, Baldwin R, Beier P, Davis CR, Dellasala DA, Francis J, Locke H, Nowak K, Lopez R, Reining C, Trombulak SC, Tabor G. Editorial. Location of study sites in Tororo and Butaleja districts, Eastern Uganda. Because of its dense foliage, the tamarind is considered the most cooling of trees. It also contains a good chunk of fiber as well as several other micronutrients. A bigger portion of the rural population practices subsistence farming mostly growing annual crops [15, 16]. If you pick one up from the ground make sure the shell is not cracked. He cast a furtive glance down. Introduction: the growing importance of traditional forest-related knowledge. It took forever to get himself situated and begin. Responses from focus group discussions and key informant interviews were organized around the major themes. Whats he waiting for? Despite having lost all of its lower branches, it rises at the other end of the cemetery like an enormous scarecrow, braving the most terrible storms and most powerful bolts of lightning. I could hear them talking. They were sorry they had let him go. They breathed together. Website Take me there. Nothing easier, he said. Several beliefs and taboos regarding T. indica persist. This characteristic was reported by 53% of the respondents as the major reason for tamarinds popularity in compounds and homegardens. Communities food and medicinal uses concurred with scientific reports of Health Benefits, -... Observed to be addressed so as to boost planting is the most tamarind, and the most cooling trees! 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